FSS 25 Nutrition

FSS 25 Nutrition

Vocabulary/important concepts for Chapters 8&10

Chapter 8
Water balance

Dehydration

Water intoxication

Kidneys and water balance

Electrolytes

Fluid and electrolyte balance

Acid-base balance

Major minerals

Trace minerals

Sodium

Extracellular cation

Hypertension

Salt sensitivity

Sodium and osteoporosis

Chloride

Extracellular anion

Potassium

Intracellular cation

Potassium and hypertension

Calcium in bones

Calcium balance in the blood

Factors affecting calcium absorption

Trabecular bone

Bone density

Risk factors for osteoporosis

Phosphorus

Magnesium

Bone mineralization

Iron absorption

Heme vs. nonheme

MFP factor

Vitamin C

Factors that inhibit nonheme iron  

  absorption

Hemoglobin

Myoglobin

Ferritin

Transferrin

Iron deficiency

Iron deficiency anemia

Stages of iron deficiency

Zinc

Metallothionein

Zinc and enteropancreatic circulation

Zinc deficiency

Zinc and iron

Iodine

Thyroid gland

Iodized salt

Goiter

Iodine deficiency during pregnancy and
  cretinism

Mental retardation in children

Selenium

Selenium as an antioxidant

Selenium and regulation of thyroid
  hormone

Keshan disease

Copper

Copper and iron

Manganese

Fluoride

Chromium

 

Chapter 10

Fitness

Cardiorespiratory endurance

VO2 max

Cardiac output

Flexibility

Strength

Hypertrophy and atrophy

ATP

Activity intensity, duration and fuel

  source

Factors affecting glucose use

Glycogen stores and depletion

Lactic acid

Factors affecting fat use

Factors affecting protein use

Vitamins and minerals

Iron deficiency anemia

Fluids and electrolytes

Supplements

OVER

 

 

Review questions

 

 

 

 

 


 

  1. How does the body use electrolytes to regulate body balance?

 

 

 

  1. List calcium’s roles in the body. How dose the body keep blood calcium constant regardless of intake?

 

 

  1. What is a salt sensitivity and which groups of people are more likely to be salt-sensitive?

 

 

  1. Discuss different stages of iron deficiency

 

 

 

  1. Discuss the chief functions of zinc in the body, as well as factors that affect the bioavailability of zinc.

 

 

 

  1. Discuss different symptoms of iodine deficiency.

 

 

 

 

  1. What factors influence the body’s use of glucose during physical activity? How?

 

 

 

  1. What factors influence the body’s use of fat during physical activity?  How?

 

 

9.  What factors may contribute to iron deficiency in athletes?

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 


 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

V

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Vocabulary/important concepts for Chapter 4

 

 

Simple carbohydrates

Complex carbohydrates

Monosaccharides

Disaccharides

Glucose

Fructose

Galactose

Maltose (glucose + glucose)

Sucrose (fructose + glucose)

Lactose (galactose + glucose)

Glycogen

Starches

Fibers

Amylopectin

Amylose

Soluble fibers

Insoluble fibers

Soluble fibers and blood cholesterol

Salivary amylase (starch digesting

  enzyme)

Hydrochloric acid and amylase in the

  Stomach

Fibers and satiety

Pancreatic amylase

Fermentation of viscous fibers in the

  Colon

Lactose intolerance

Carbohydrate absorption

Glucose in the liver

Conversion of glucose to glycogen

Conversion of glucose to fat

Use of glucose for energy

Blood glucose and insulin

Blood glucose and glucagon

Type 1 diabetes

Type 2 diabetes

Hypoglycemia

Glycemic index

Roles of soluble fiber

Roles of insoluble fiber

Sugar and empty calories

Sugar alcohols

Artificial sweeteners

Recommended intakes of carbohydrates

 

Review questions

 

  1. Name three disaccharides commonly found in food and their component monosaccharides.

 

  1. How are starch and glycogen similar and how do they differ?

 

  1. What roles does fiber play in the process of digestion and absorption of carbohydrate?

 

  1. Once absorbed, what are the possible fates of glucose in the body?

 

  1. Describe the roles of insulin and glucagons in relation to the maintenance of blood glucose concentration.

 

 

 

 Study guide

 

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* available in the handouts